A core element for Independent Living Centers (ILCs) is to foster the linkages that promote open communication and dialogue among staff and consumers. Despite all the differences in experience, we have considerable commonality in hope, fear, sickness, change, family and every other emotion and aspect of life. Our mission statement includes the bold belief that each person has “the basic human right of participating in society as a self-determining individual.”
You have the right to remain you.
We all must strive to connect with those who are isolated or otherwise limited in their ability to access information that can lead to choices and options that would have gone unknown. Every one of us without exception should be part of this effort.
The opportunity to share information that can enhance the lives of those we meet cannot be underestimated. Sometimes the setting can make the connection more meaningful. RCIL has hosted a “Community Forum for those who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing” several times a year. It has helped create an environment conducive for this unique group to both converse with each other as well as to become aware of topics and ideas that might have otherwise been missed.
All of us should continually be alert to occasions formal and informal, individual and group, where new connections can be made. Some may grow into lasting relationships and others may be a one-time learning experience. Either way it’s about passing on a chance for a more fulfilling life.
Keep connecting!
- Dave L.
Thursday, June 23, 2011
Monday, June 20, 2011
The Importance of Asset Development in Addressing Poverty
In general, poverty reduction strategies are typically categorized as income-focused or asset-focused.
Income-focused strategies for poverty alleviation have their origins in 20th century social policy. These strategies are geared to offering relief for emergent needs, and are often described as “emergency programs”. The purpose of such programs is to address basic needs. While important, these programs address the symptoms of poverty, and not the direct causes. Such programs do not give families or individuals an opportunity to change their circumstances; they simply help families to make ends meet.
Asset-focused poverty reduction strategies provide opportunities to build long-term wealth. Individuals and families with assets are more resilient, and can create sustained wealth to lift themselves from poverty or offer protection against economic decline. While assets allow families to remove themselves from the constant cycle of financial crisis, they also tend to promote a more positive and proactive orientation toward the future. Assets give opportunities for upward social mobility, allowing for more participation in the market economy (such as when buying a home, engaging in postsecondary education, or capitalizing a business).
While both strategies are important, existing poverty reduction methods are almost solely geared to income relief (food stamps and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families are examples). This gives families some relief in their day-to-day lives, but does little to help their financial situation long-term. Asset-building opportunities would break this cycle by providing opportunities for building wealth and embarking on a path of self-sufficiency.
RCIL helps individuals to identify, apply for, and access income assistance programs they are eligible to receive. This can be thought of as poverty management assistance – it may help an emergent situation, but only until the next crisis occurs. To break this cycle RCIL has developed and advocated for programs focused on asset building. This approach is more transformational, and provides real opportunities to move from poverty.
Fundamental policy changes are needed to change from a system that manages poverty to one that eradicates it. The current programs and systems in place can provide some opportunities, but are clearly not enough.
-Quinton
Income-focused strategies for poverty alleviation have their origins in 20th century social policy. These strategies are geared to offering relief for emergent needs, and are often described as “emergency programs”. The purpose of such programs is to address basic needs. While important, these programs address the symptoms of poverty, and not the direct causes. Such programs do not give families or individuals an opportunity to change their circumstances; they simply help families to make ends meet.
Asset-focused poverty reduction strategies provide opportunities to build long-term wealth. Individuals and families with assets are more resilient, and can create sustained wealth to lift themselves from poverty or offer protection against economic decline. While assets allow families to remove themselves from the constant cycle of financial crisis, they also tend to promote a more positive and proactive orientation toward the future. Assets give opportunities for upward social mobility, allowing for more participation in the market economy (such as when buying a home, engaging in postsecondary education, or capitalizing a business).
While both strategies are important, existing poverty reduction methods are almost solely geared to income relief (food stamps and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families are examples). This gives families some relief in their day-to-day lives, but does little to help their financial situation long-term. Asset-building opportunities would break this cycle by providing opportunities for building wealth and embarking on a path of self-sufficiency.
RCIL helps individuals to identify, apply for, and access income assistance programs they are eligible to receive. This can be thought of as poverty management assistance – it may help an emergent situation, but only until the next crisis occurs. To break this cycle RCIL has developed and advocated for programs focused on asset building. This approach is more transformational, and provides real opportunities to move from poverty.
Fundamental policy changes are needed to change from a system that manages poverty to one that eradicates it. The current programs and systems in place can provide some opportunities, but are clearly not enough.
-Quinton
Wednesday, May 25, 2011
RCIL's 2011 Policy Agenda
We believe if you want to live independently you don’t need permission, you need resources. At RCIL, we provide real solutions to the personal, social or governmental barriers that are stopping your decisions from being respected and realized. We have four decades of experience in providing personally tailored advocacy, information, and training services. In 2011, it’s possible to move from segregated placements to people living in their communities with only the support they need and choose.
RCIL believes that the widespread poverty, segregation, and isolation of people with disabilities is unacceptable, should not be tolerated, and requires change.
Reduce Isolation and Transform Service
Government should not financially support unnecessary or unwanted segregated living. New York continues to discriminate against New Yorkers with disabilities by segregating them in dead-end settings, simply because of a disability. We oppose changes that jeopardize existing programs and services that are shown to help individuals live and work independently in their own homes and communities.
Improve Health
Government should provide individuals with safety-net health and long-term health care service options. Individual choice is essential for quality and cost-effective services that allow the greatest opportunity for independence. We oppose changes that restrict eligibility, place unnecessary hardships on individuals or providers, or ignore individual differences in need or preference.
Reduce Poverty
Government should create and support integrated employment, education, and savings strategies so that individuals can leave poverty. Effective safety-net programs can foster independence by supporting employment and re-entry to education throughout the lifespan. We oppose policies that discriminate against people because they are poor or that discourage work, saving, or asset development.
Our specific reccomendations:
Reduce Isolation and Transform Service
• Enact “The Integrated Services Bill” in New York that presumes all people can benefit from community life. Amend the law so that people with disabilities have the right to choose employment and receive supports in their own homes and communities. Current maintenance programs and institutional living perpetuate dependency and poverty.
• Support “Community First Choice Act” in New York. As part of the federal Affordable Care Act, additional options for states are now available to move their long-term care service systems from costly, outdated institutional models to community-based models.
• Fully implement New York’s Nursing Facility Transition and Diversion Program. Nursing facility placement continues to be easier than helping someone to return home after illness or injury requiring a hospital stay. Identifying and removing barriers to effective implementation of this initiative will allow people to stay in or move back to their home.
Improve Health
• Protect choice within New York’s “managed care” approach to services. As Medicaid Redesign efforts force people with long term care needs into coordinated care organizations, we risk losing consumer-directed models of care. Having a disability does not inherently require a medical approach to service.
• Advocate against federal proposals to shrink Medicaid and Medicare programs. This “block grant” approach sets annual spending limits for states. These caps will limit access to healthcare and undermine current service levels.
• Seek opportunities to encourage balance between regulatory oversight and service. Excessive regulations and monitoring of funds can impede innovation and cost effectiveness. Access to quality care depends on adequate funding, provides flexibility for meeting complex human needs, and respects human potential.
Reduce Poverty
• Expand partnerships, transform public investments, and create demonstration projects that increase employment opportunities for all people. The recession and high unemployment rate in upstate New York creates a tough environment for youth and individuals with disabilities to earn a living wage. RCIL will continue to seek out and work with diverse partners and projects that are proving their ability to provide innovative solutions.
• Raise expectations for achievement in the new 1115 Waiver. New York’s promise of equal opportunity includes work, yet existing Medicaid Waivers do not focus on moving individuals towards real jobs. Self-sufficiency stems from competitive employment and must be a key framework in any proposed plan to truly transform service systems.
RCIL has offices conveniently located in Utica, Amsterdam, Herkimer, Watertown and Indian Lake serving 38 counties New York. We have a qualified and caring staff of nearly 1700 ready to commit to making your plan for independence a reality. If you need a service, chances are we have a relationship that will get it for you.
RCIL believes that the widespread poverty, segregation, and isolation of people with disabilities is unacceptable, should not be tolerated, and requires change.
Reduce Isolation and Transform Service
Government should not financially support unnecessary or unwanted segregated living. New York continues to discriminate against New Yorkers with disabilities by segregating them in dead-end settings, simply because of a disability. We oppose changes that jeopardize existing programs and services that are shown to help individuals live and work independently in their own homes and communities.
Improve Health
Government should provide individuals with safety-net health and long-term health care service options. Individual choice is essential for quality and cost-effective services that allow the greatest opportunity for independence. We oppose changes that restrict eligibility, place unnecessary hardships on individuals or providers, or ignore individual differences in need or preference.
Reduce Poverty
Government should create and support integrated employment, education, and savings strategies so that individuals can leave poverty. Effective safety-net programs can foster independence by supporting employment and re-entry to education throughout the lifespan. We oppose policies that discriminate against people because they are poor or that discourage work, saving, or asset development.
Our specific reccomendations:
Reduce Isolation and Transform Service
• Enact “The Integrated Services Bill” in New York that presumes all people can benefit from community life. Amend the law so that people with disabilities have the right to choose employment and receive supports in their own homes and communities. Current maintenance programs and institutional living perpetuate dependency and poverty.
• Support “Community First Choice Act” in New York. As part of the federal Affordable Care Act, additional options for states are now available to move their long-term care service systems from costly, outdated institutional models to community-based models.
• Fully implement New York’s Nursing Facility Transition and Diversion Program. Nursing facility placement continues to be easier than helping someone to return home after illness or injury requiring a hospital stay. Identifying and removing barriers to effective implementation of this initiative will allow people to stay in or move back to their home.
Improve Health
• Protect choice within New York’s “managed care” approach to services. As Medicaid Redesign efforts force people with long term care needs into coordinated care organizations, we risk losing consumer-directed models of care. Having a disability does not inherently require a medical approach to service.
• Advocate against federal proposals to shrink Medicaid and Medicare programs. This “block grant” approach sets annual spending limits for states. These caps will limit access to healthcare and undermine current service levels.
• Seek opportunities to encourage balance between regulatory oversight and service. Excessive regulations and monitoring of funds can impede innovation and cost effectiveness. Access to quality care depends on adequate funding, provides flexibility for meeting complex human needs, and respects human potential.
Reduce Poverty
• Expand partnerships, transform public investments, and create demonstration projects that increase employment opportunities for all people. The recession and high unemployment rate in upstate New York creates a tough environment for youth and individuals with disabilities to earn a living wage. RCIL will continue to seek out and work with diverse partners and projects that are proving their ability to provide innovative solutions.
• Raise expectations for achievement in the new 1115 Waiver. New York’s promise of equal opportunity includes work, yet existing Medicaid Waivers do not focus on moving individuals towards real jobs. Self-sufficiency stems from competitive employment and must be a key framework in any proposed plan to truly transform service systems.
RCIL has offices conveniently located in Utica, Amsterdam, Herkimer, Watertown and Indian Lake serving 38 counties New York. We have a qualified and caring staff of nearly 1700 ready to commit to making your plan for independence a reality. If you need a service, chances are we have a relationship that will get it for you.
Friday, May 20, 2011
No longer dying at sea
Ignorance and fear of the 15th century led to practices such as the “Ship of Fools”, which launched people with severe disabilities out to sea, sometimes to their death. “Progress” then moved us into the “The Great Confinement” of the 17th through 19th centuries where families placed people with disabilities in institutions where there was gross abuse, starvation and negligence.
Better than dying at sea, but hardly a good life.
Thankfully, the practice of segregation and abuse of individuals with disabilities slowly began to fade away in the 20th century as advocacy for civil rights became more commonplace.
By the mid-1970’s most state governments had committed to de-institutionalization, and when on June 22nd, 1999, under enforcement of the Olmstead Act, (Olmstead vs. L.C.) it was agreed that the “unjustified institutionalization of people is a form of discrimination”, individuals with disabilities were finally given the choice of a fully integrated life within their communities.
Or so we thought.
As the cost of medical services rises throughout the United States, state governments are struggling to meet the health needs and the increasing price tag of health care for their neediest residents with disabilities. New and more creative models such as the New York State 1115 Waiver, (‘People First Waiver’), a system of reform that has been developed in order to “safely, effectively and efficiently support individuals with developmental disabilities in the community by improving coordination of care across the state’s numerous service systems that support individuals with developmental disabilities.”
It’s a re-affirmation that people want to live like people – in the community and make their own choices.
The ‘People First’ project proposes that improved health care coordination can be reached through better organization of care, and that a long term care delivery system that considers individual needs, choice and satisfaction.
The system improvements through the 1115 Waiver are responsible and responsive to the changing needs of New York State consumers. These proposed modifications are community-based and are centered on an individual’s needs. They are simple to understand as well as flexible and endorse personal choice with a focus on the service needs and well-being of consumers.
People with disabilities are no longer suspended voices living in the darkness on those infamous “ships that pass in the night”. Oliver Wendell Holmes once wrote, “I find the great thing in this world is not so much where we stand, as in what direction we are moving, - we must sail sometimes with the wind, and sometimes against it - but we must sail, and not drift, nor lie at anchor.”
As we all work towards constantly moving closer to the processes that enable people with disabilities to attain their own personal freedom, we ask for your support for the ‘People First’-1115 Waiver.
It’s much better than dying at sea.
Better than dying at sea, but hardly a good life.
Thankfully, the practice of segregation and abuse of individuals with disabilities slowly began to fade away in the 20th century as advocacy for civil rights became more commonplace.
By the mid-1970’s most state governments had committed to de-institutionalization, and when on June 22nd, 1999, under enforcement of the Olmstead Act, (Olmstead vs. L.C.) it was agreed that the “unjustified institutionalization of people is a form of discrimination”, individuals with disabilities were finally given the choice of a fully integrated life within their communities.
Or so we thought.
As the cost of medical services rises throughout the United States, state governments are struggling to meet the health needs and the increasing price tag of health care for their neediest residents with disabilities. New and more creative models such as the New York State 1115 Waiver, (‘People First Waiver’), a system of reform that has been developed in order to “safely, effectively and efficiently support individuals with developmental disabilities in the community by improving coordination of care across the state’s numerous service systems that support individuals with developmental disabilities.”
It’s a re-affirmation that people want to live like people – in the community and make their own choices.
The ‘People First’ project proposes that improved health care coordination can be reached through better organization of care, and that a long term care delivery system that considers individual needs, choice and satisfaction.
The system improvements through the 1115 Waiver are responsible and responsive to the changing needs of New York State consumers. These proposed modifications are community-based and are centered on an individual’s needs. They are simple to understand as well as flexible and endorse personal choice with a focus on the service needs and well-being of consumers.
People with disabilities are no longer suspended voices living in the darkness on those infamous “ships that pass in the night”. Oliver Wendell Holmes once wrote, “I find the great thing in this world is not so much where we stand, as in what direction we are moving, - we must sail sometimes with the wind, and sometimes against it - but we must sail, and not drift, nor lie at anchor.”
As we all work towards constantly moving closer to the processes that enable people with disabilities to attain their own personal freedom, we ask for your support for the ‘People First’-1115 Waiver.
It’s much better than dying at sea.
Tuesday, May 17, 2011
The Teen Employment Crisis and Violence Connection
A few weeks ago, in east Utica, approximately 75 youth congregated at a local intersection. They were armed with clubs, knives, and assorted other weapons. Thankfully for all involved, police arrived before a battle commenced. The youth ranged in age, with some below 16. A few of those who were older were taken into custody by the police.
Unfortunately, this was not an isolated occurrence. Local law enforcement authorities, as well as those around the country, have noted a substantial up-tick in the numbers of youth involved in street gangs in the last few years. Is there a connection with the lack of jobs available for youth in the local community as well as elsewhere in the country?
The Great Recession that began in 2007 brought the overall unemployment rate to 10 percent. In fact, according to a report in the on-line journal Spotlight on Poverty and Opportunity teen employment has declined more than 25 percent since 2006. “For teens from low income families, summer employment provides not only income, but also work experience that can distinguish teens within a competitive urban labor market and signal competence and professionalism to potential full-time employers.”
Entry level employment such as fast food, retail, landscaping, and grocery store work can provide skills that are critical to future employment. Youth learn to show up on time, listen to their boss, consider a customer and the fundamental principle of exchanging time for money. Futhermore, these early work experiences encourage school completion, create connections with other working teens, and help lower risky behaviors. RCIL’s Main Street program works to put at-risk youth on a path toward a job and/or further education. Linking high school students to occupational training with technical schools and/or community colleges has proven successful. Also noted in the Spotlight on Poverty and Opportunity, “Career Academies establish partnerships with local employers to provide work-based learning opportunities to improve student preparation for the workforce as well as college attendance. These programs have been shown to be effective for at-risk youth.”
We should advocate for substantial increases for government funding in support of these initiatives. It should be available to both young women and men who can certainly all benefit. When one looks at the huge recidivism rates for our prison system (over 40 percent), and the cost to society both financially and emotionally from crime, the cost effectiveness of such funding is clearly apparent.
- Dave L.
Unfortunately, this was not an isolated occurrence. Local law enforcement authorities, as well as those around the country, have noted a substantial up-tick in the numbers of youth involved in street gangs in the last few years. Is there a connection with the lack of jobs available for youth in the local community as well as elsewhere in the country?
The Great Recession that began in 2007 brought the overall unemployment rate to 10 percent. In fact, according to a report in the on-line journal Spotlight on Poverty and Opportunity teen employment has declined more than 25 percent since 2006. “For teens from low income families, summer employment provides not only income, but also work experience that can distinguish teens within a competitive urban labor market and signal competence and professionalism to potential full-time employers.”
Entry level employment such as fast food, retail, landscaping, and grocery store work can provide skills that are critical to future employment. Youth learn to show up on time, listen to their boss, consider a customer and the fundamental principle of exchanging time for money. Futhermore, these early work experiences encourage school completion, create connections with other working teens, and help lower risky behaviors. RCIL’s Main Street program works to put at-risk youth on a path toward a job and/or further education. Linking high school students to occupational training with technical schools and/or community colleges has proven successful. Also noted in the Spotlight on Poverty and Opportunity, “Career Academies establish partnerships with local employers to provide work-based learning opportunities to improve student preparation for the workforce as well as college attendance. These programs have been shown to be effective for at-risk youth.”
We should advocate for substantial increases for government funding in support of these initiatives. It should be available to both young women and men who can certainly all benefit. When one looks at the huge recidivism rates for our prison system (over 40 percent), and the cost to society both financially and emotionally from crime, the cost effectiveness of such funding is clearly apparent.
- Dave L.
Friday, May 13, 2011
A Garden to Remember
Last night, 170 community leaders kicked-off RCIL’s fundraising efforts for a beautiful garden to be built outside of the Dorothy Smith Center for Advocacy on Genesee Street. Susan Matt, a dedicated community supporter, was roasted and toasted and raised thousands. The design of this space transpired from an on-going relationship with Rust to Green, a city-wide initiative launched by Cornell professor, Paula Horrigan. Once built, the outdoor living space will be enjoyed by the over 40 participants served daily in the Adult Day Services program along with the broader community.
Aging in place
Aging in place is the ability for a person, despite health-related conditions, to remain living independently in their home in the midst of their community. To achieve this goal, seniors must maintain their health physically, emotionally, cognitively, and psycho-socially. However, coordinating care and services can be difficult because the delivery system is often fragmented, and needed services may be difficult to find or not always available. The Adult Day Services program provides holistic care and allows for members of our community to be cared for, while still maintaining independence in living within their community.
Alzheimer’s gardens
Over the last decade, research has demonstrated the benefits of gardens as therapeutic for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. It is a calming place when “sundowning” occurs – the classic wandering and agitation associated with dementias. Among the flowers and herbs we can look, hear, taste, touch, and smell and enjoy one of the few spaces that truly allows for universal access. Gardens, too, provide private space for thought and reflection and reminiscence about favorite places from earlier years.
Re-birth of a city
Already a green building with geothermal power, the addition of a frontward-facing, sustainable garden at the Dorothy Smith Center for Advocacy is part of a broader effort to revitalize Utica. As part of its mission to advance projects that improve urban livability, sustainability and resilience, Rust to Green (R2G) provided the technical experience in landscape design to both preserve the character and space of a beautiful old building into what will be a beacon beauty in a city that’s struggled to grow. Click here for more information on R2G.
Beauty. Hope. Remembrance. Let’s build a garden to remember.
For more information, contact Diana Sorrento at 797-4642.
Aging in place
Aging in place is the ability for a person, despite health-related conditions, to remain living independently in their home in the midst of their community. To achieve this goal, seniors must maintain their health physically, emotionally, cognitively, and psycho-socially. However, coordinating care and services can be difficult because the delivery system is often fragmented, and needed services may be difficult to find or not always available. The Adult Day Services program provides holistic care and allows for members of our community to be cared for, while still maintaining independence in living within their community.
Alzheimer’s gardens
Over the last decade, research has demonstrated the benefits of gardens as therapeutic for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. It is a calming place when “sundowning” occurs – the classic wandering and agitation associated with dementias. Among the flowers and herbs we can look, hear, taste, touch, and smell and enjoy one of the few spaces that truly allows for universal access. Gardens, too, provide private space for thought and reflection and reminiscence about favorite places from earlier years.
Re-birth of a city
Already a green building with geothermal power, the addition of a frontward-facing, sustainable garden at the Dorothy Smith Center for Advocacy is part of a broader effort to revitalize Utica. As part of its mission to advance projects that improve urban livability, sustainability and resilience, Rust to Green (R2G) provided the technical experience in landscape design to both preserve the character and space of a beautiful old building into what will be a beacon beauty in a city that’s struggled to grow. Click here for more information on R2G.
Beauty. Hope. Remembrance. Let’s build a garden to remember.
For more information, contact Diana Sorrento at 797-4642.
Monday, May 9, 2011
Towards a More Livable New York
With 3.7 million individuals aged 60 and over, New York has quite a challenge in organizing its resources to care for this large and very diverse demographic. To provide some guidance, the New York Office for the Aging has created a three year plan that tries to incorporate individual and community needs with new and existing programs, opportunities and laws (e.g. Older Americans Act Core programs, Areas on Aging discretionary grants, and consumer control and choice mandates). The plan outlines many services aimed at assisting seniors and individuals with disabilities to remain in their homes with a high quality of life and to avoid unnecessary nursing home placement. Services, depending upon need, may include housekeeping, personal care, transportation, delivered meals, coordination of service, day activity and socialization.
A few highlights from the current plan:
The Livable New York Initiative is based on the idea that senior and disability friendly communities are communities that benefit everyone – not just seniors. New provisions, inside the New York State Elder Law, require mixed-use, age-integrated communities. The intent is to provide technical assistance to communities such as identifying issues, planning and working with the unique character of communities. In practical terms, this includes issues like zoning, housing, community-design models, and green-spaces to improve the “livability” of their neighborhoods.
The Naturally Occurring Retirement Community Supportive Service Program (NORC) helps residents who purchased their homes or apartments avoid moving out simply because they need assistance not currently provided in their communities. These “aging in place” programs make economic and social sense since most people prefer to maintain closeness to family and friends and only pay for services they really need. Already, New York State has 36 NORC’s established through community-partnerships and over $4 million in funding. Healthcare, housing, and peer providers work with seniors and the disabled to fill gaps left by existing service systems.
Take a look at the New York Office for Aging’s proposed plan. What do you or your family need that’s missing? What do you want when you’re aging? Are there any ideas that you think should be supported? View the plan on-line at http://www.aging.ny.gov/NYSOFA/StatePlanOnAging/Index.cfm.
You have until May 20th to have your voice heard.
Speak up for what you like. Speak out against what you don’t
- Donna
A few highlights from the current plan:
The Livable New York Initiative is based on the idea that senior and disability friendly communities are communities that benefit everyone – not just seniors. New provisions, inside the New York State Elder Law, require mixed-use, age-integrated communities. The intent is to provide technical assistance to communities such as identifying issues, planning and working with the unique character of communities. In practical terms, this includes issues like zoning, housing, community-design models, and green-spaces to improve the “livability” of their neighborhoods.
The Naturally Occurring Retirement Community Supportive Service Program (NORC) helps residents who purchased their homes or apartments avoid moving out simply because they need assistance not currently provided in their communities. These “aging in place” programs make economic and social sense since most people prefer to maintain closeness to family and friends and only pay for services they really need. Already, New York State has 36 NORC’s established through community-partnerships and over $4 million in funding. Healthcare, housing, and peer providers work with seniors and the disabled to fill gaps left by existing service systems.
Take a look at the New York Office for Aging’s proposed plan. What do you or your family need that’s missing? What do you want when you’re aging? Are there any ideas that you think should be supported? View the plan on-line at http://www.aging.ny.gov/NYSOFA/StatePlanOnAging/Index.cfm.
You have until May 20th to have your voice heard.
Speak up for what you like. Speak out against what you don’t
- Donna
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